Alternatives to Animals in the Development and Control of Biological Products for Human and Veterinary Use. London, United Kingdom, September 24-26, 1998. Proceedings.
نویسنده
چکیده
Since the adoption of the European Convention on animal protection the European Pharmacopoeia Commission has conducted a programme of work over the last decade directed at application of the Rs. The first stage of the work can be seen as phasing out animal tests which had become superfluous in current production conditions (for example, deletion of the abnormal toxicity test for vaccines and sera) and replacement of animal tests by in vitro methods (for example, replacement of bioassays of hormones by physico-chemical assays). Where deletion or replacement of tests is not possible, the scope for reduction of the number of animals used and the possibilities of refining the tests in ways that cause less suffering have to be considered. All these changes require extensive validation work and collaborative trials in a number of control laboratories to ensure that the quality standards are maintained with the alternative methods. From 1992 onwards, an extensive programme of biological standardisation has been carried out. For the progress made in pharmacopoeial standards to have its full effect, co-operation with the other interested parties (licensing and control authorities, animal welfare organisations, manufacturers) is essential. This should be seen by all concerned as an area for future efforts.
منابع مشابه
Effect of Feeding Quickly Degradable Nitrogen on the Development of Ovarian Follicles in Lactating Dairy Cows
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of an excess intake of quickly degradable nitrogen (QDN) on ovarian follicle development. Twenty lactating dairy cows were fed mixed silage and concentrates twice daily. The control diet was a typical ration for high producing dairy cows in the United Kingdom (crude protein (CP)=17.5%; metabolizable energy (ME)=11.8 MJ/kg DM). The cows were ...
متن کاملComparative evaluation of glycerolized bovine pericardium implant with prolene mesh for closure of large abdominal wall defects in dogs
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the use of polypropylene mesh and glycerol preserved bovine pericardium (GBP) to repaire abdominal wall defects in 24 clinically healthy mongrel dogs using inlay and underlay techniques. Twenty four healthy mongrel dogs were used in this study. The animals were divided into two main groups according to the type of the prosthetic material used. Each ...
متن کاملDevelopment of Alternatives for Quality Control of Biomedicines: The Example of Vaccines for Human Use
2004/24/EC amending 2001/83/EC and 2004/28/EC amending 2001/82/EC 2 see www.pheur.org 3 Council of Europe European Treaty Series No. 50, 22/07/1964 and No. 134. 01/11/1992 4 Council of Europe European Treaty Series No. 123, 18/03/1986 5 Artiges, A. (1999). Alternatives to animals in the development and control of biological products for human and veterinary use. The role of the European Pharmac...
متن کاملEvaluating Optimal Anti-Desertification Alternatives, Using Special Vector Technique and Bernardo Ranking Model
Introduction: Desertification is the process of ecological and biological reduction of land potential in a natural or unnatural way, mainly affecting arid regions. Moreover, it decreases land efficiency with increasing acceleration. Land resources and human populations exposed to desertification and land destruction are prone to various threats, including loss of land productivity, food insecur...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Developments in biological standardization
دوره 101 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1999